GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSE
(Kata Ganti)

a. Who
....... + O + who + .......
--> use for people as subject, untuk menghubungkan 2 kalimat dengan mengganti subject kalimat kedua dengan kata who pada posisi kalimat yang tetap.
Example :
- I thanked the woman. She helped me
--> I thanked the woman who helped me
- I will give everything to someone. Someone that loving me
--> I will give everything to someone who loving me

b. Which
..... + noun + which + O + ......
--> use for things
Example :
- The book is mine. Is it on the table
--> The book which is on the table is mine
-

c. Whose
.... + whose + noun + .......
--> use for possesive pronoun
Example :
- I know the man. His wallet was stolen
--> I know the man whose wallet was stolen
-

d. Whom
S / noun + whom + S + ....
--> use for people as object
Example :
- The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him
--> The man whom i saw was Mr. Jones
-

GRAMMAR

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(Kalimat Pengandaian/Pengharapan)

I. Phrase 1
If + Present Tense + Present Future Tense
--> use to say something is possible to happen
Example :
- If I have much money, i will go around the world
- If I study well, I will get the first grade in my class

II. Phrase 2
If + Past Tense + Past Future Tense
--> use to say something is impossible to happen (contrary to the fact) for the present
Example :
- If you were here, I would not be alone
- If I had a car, I would go to school by car

III. Phrase 3
If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Future Tense
--> use to say something is contrary to the fact for the past
Example :
- If she had gone home, I would have taken her
- If he had had a bike, he would have asked me to go to school together

GRAMMAR

TENSES

1. Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian dimasa lampau.
Pola Kalimat 1

(+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ?
example :
- My mother drank a cup of tea lastnight
- My mother didn't drink a cup of tea lastnight
- Did my mother drink a cup of tea lastnight?

Pola Kalimat 2
(+) S + was/were + non verb
(-) S + was/were + not + non verb
(?) Was/were + S + non verb + ?
example :
- She was a student before
- She wasn't a student before
- Was she a student before?

2. Past Continous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)
Past Continous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, karena itu untuk memperjelas maksud kalimat maka di buat kalimat kedua. Jadi ada dua kalimat untuk tense yang satu ini, yaitu induk kalimat (main clause) dan sub clause (anak kalimat) yang dihubungkan dengan kata when atau while.
(+) S + was/were + V.ing + O
(-) S + was/were + not + V.ing + O
(?) Was/were + S + V.ing + O + ?
example :
- I was watching television when my friends came to my home
- I wasn't watching television when my friends came to my home
- Was i watching television when my friends came to my home?

3. Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lampau dengan tempo waktu yang sudah jelas dan jangka waktu yang lebih lama dari past continous tense.
(+) S + had + V3 + O
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O
(?) Had + S + V3 + O + ?
Example :
- She had lived here for 3 years
- She had not lived here for 3 years
- Had she lived here for 3 years?

4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lampau dengan tempo waktu yang sudah jelas dan jangka waktu yang lebih lama dari past continous tense.
(+) S + had + been + V.ing + O
(-) S + had + not + been + V.ing + O
(?) Had + S + been + V.ing + O + ?
Example :
- He had been living here for 5 years
- He had not been living here for 5 years
- Had he been living here for 5 years?

5. Past Future Tense
Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan berlangsung di masa lampau.
Pola Kalimat 1:
(+) S + would + V1 + O
(-) S + would + not + V1 + O
(?) Would + S + V1 + O + ?
Example :
- I would go to your home lastnight but i couldn't because of the rain
- I wouldn't go to your home lastnight because of the rain
- Would i go to your home lastnight when it was rain?
Pola Kalimat 2:
(+) S + would + be + non verb
(-) S + would + not + be + non verb
(?) Would + S + be + non verb + ?
Example :
- She would be a clerk
- She wouldn't be a clerk
- Would she be a clerk?

6. Past Future Continous Tense
Past Future Continous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.
(+) S + would + be + V.ing + O
(-) S + would + not + be + V.ing + O
(?) Would + S + be + V.ing + O + ?
Example :
- We would be going to school when the sun was rising
- We would not be going to school when the sun was rising
- Would we be going to school when the sun was rising?

7. Past Perfect Future Tense
Past Perfect Future Tense digunakan pada conditional sentences phrase 3.
(+) S + would + have + V3
(-) S + would + not + have + V3
(?) Would + S + have + V3 + ?
Example :
- She would have cried when she had been hurted
- She would not have cried when she had been hurted
- Would she have cried when she had been hurted?

8. Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan :
- Kegiatan sehari-hari (daily activities)
- Kebiasaan (habits)
- Kebenaran umum (general truth)
Pola Kalimat 1
(+) S + V1 + O
(-) S + do/does + V1 + O
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O + ?
Example :
- I read a magazine
- I don't read a magazine
- Do I read a magazine?
Pola Kalimat 2
(+) S + to be + non verb
(-) S + to be + not + non verb
(?) To be + S + non verb + ?
Example :
- I am a student
- I am not a student
- Am i a student?

9. Present Continous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)
Present Continous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan.
(+) S + to be + V.ing + O
(-) S + to be + not + V.ing + O
(?) To be + S + V.ing + ?
Example :
- My brother is studying
- My brother isn't studying
- Is he studying?

10. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung dengan tempo waktu yang lebih lama dan sudah jelas jangka waktunya.
(+) S + have + V3 + O
(-) S + have + not + V3 + O
(?) Have + S + V3 + O + ?
Example :
- I have stayed here for 2 weeks
- I have not stayed here for 2 weeks
- Have i stayed here for 2 weeks?

11. Present Perfect Continous Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung dengan tempo waktu yang lebih lama dan sudah jelas jangka waktunya.
(+) S + have + been + V.ing + O
(-) S + have + not + been + V.ing + O
(?) Have + S + been + V.ing + O + ?
Example :
- I have been living here since 5 years
- I haven't been living here since 5 years
- Have i been living here since 5 years

12. Simple Future Tense
Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan, lebih tepatnya future tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu rencana (planning).
Pola Kalimat 1
(+) S + will + V1 + O
(-) S + will + not + V1 + O
(?) Will + S + V1 + O + ?
Example :
- My mother will make a cake tonight
- My mother won't make a cake tonight
- Will my mother make a cake tonight?
Pola Kalimat 2
(+) S + will + be + non verb
(-) S + will + not + be + non verb
(?) Will + S + be + non verb + ?
Example :
- My sister will be a doctor
- My sister won't be a doctor
- Will my sister be a doctor?

13. Future Continous Tense (Future Progressive Tense)
Future Continous Tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang akan berlangsung di masa yang akan datang.
(+) S + will + be + V.ing + O
(-) S + will + not + be + V.ing + O
(?) Will + S + be + V.ing + O + ?
Example :
- I will be going to Surabaya for 2 weeks
- I won't be going to Surabaya for 2 weeks
- Will i am going to Surabaya for 2 weeks?

14. Adverb Of Frequency
Adverb Of Frequency digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu rutinitas / suatu kegiatan yang rutin dilakukan.
Adverb Of Frequency : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, once, twice, three times, four times, etc.
(+) S + Adv. of freq + V1 + O
(-) S + do/does + not + Adv. of freq + V1 + O
(?) Do/does + S + Adv. of freq + V1 + O + ?
Example :
- My brother always goes to school by bike
- My brother doesn't always go to school by bike
- Does my brother always go to school by bike?

Just To Think....

Everybody knows, nobody's perfect in the world
Everybody needs, friends beside each other
Everybody wants, get the happiness everytime
Everybody looks, to reach out something
Everybody wish, a shoulder to lean on
Everybody hopes, everything's better
Everybody feel, empty without love
that's why i said :
Nobody wants to be lonely,
Nobody wants to be hurted

Have you ever think that life will be end if you dont have any friend beside you?
I have...
I think i can't stand without another one beside me. Look!!human always needs some helps by another, so dont ever you say : "i dont need another".


"Dont say everything's you know, and dont say that you know everything!"